SPC stands for Stone Plastic Composite (or sometimes Stone Polymer Composite).
It is a rigid core flooring/wall paneling material made primarily from a mixture of:
Limestone Powder (Calcium Carbonate)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Stabilizers
These components are fused under high heat and pressure to create an incredibly dense and stable product. It is considered an enhanced version of luxury vinyl tile (LVT) with a higher stone content, making it more rigid.
Advantages and Disadvantages of SPC Flooring & Wall Panels
Advantages (Key Strengths)
100% Waterproof:
The core material is impervious to water. It will not swell, warp, or develop mold when exposed to moisture. This is its biggest selling point, making it ideal for kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, basements, and commercial spaces.
Highly Durable and Stable (The "Rigid Core"):
The high limestone content makes SPC extremely hard, dense, and resistant to impacts and indentations (e.g., from furniture legs).
It has a very low rate of thermal expansion and contraction, meaning it remains stable even under significant temperature changes.
Comfortable and Quiet Underfoot:
Most SPC planks feature a click-lock system and an attached IXPE foam underlayment. This provides a slight cushioning effect, making it more comfortable to walk on than tile or stone, and it helps reduce noise transmission.
Formaldehyde-Free and Eco-Friendly:
Since it's made from limestone and PVC and doesn't require adhesives for installation, high-quality SPC is free of formaldehyde and other harmful VOCs. This makes it a safe choice for families with children or allergy sufferers.
Easy and Fast Installation:
Utilizes a simple click-lock (floating floor) system. It can be installed directly over most existing, flat subfloors (like concrete, tile, or wood) without glue. This allows for quick installation and immediate use.
Wear-Resistant:
The surface has a clear, durable wear layer (measured by AC Rating) that protects against scratches, scuffs, and stains, ensuring a long lifespan.
Aesthetically Pleasing:
The decorative layer is a high-definition photographic film that can realistically mimic wood, stone, or concrete textures, offering a wide range of design options.
Disadvantages
Firm Feel:
While more comfortable than tile, it can feel harder and cooler underfoot compared to LVT or high-end laminate flooring.
Vulnerable to Heavy Point Impact:
Although scratch-resistant, a very heavy, sharp object (like a dropped tool or dumbbell) can potentially chip or crack the rigid core.
Requires a Perfectly Level Subfloor:
Because it is so rigid, any imperfections in the subfloor can cause the locking system to stress, potentially leading to clicking sounds or seam failure over time.
Difficult to Repair:
If a single plank is damaged, replacing it can be challenging as it often requires disassembling a section of the floor starting from the wall.
